万花筒万万没想到6种英文表达说的是
图解:花椰菜的变种YoumayneverhaveheardoftheplantBrassicaOleracea,butyouvedefinitelyeatenit.你可能从未听说过花椰菜,但你肯定吃过。Sixvegetablesyoucanfindinanygrocerystoreandwhichmostpeopleeatonaregularbasisareactuallyallfromthisoneplant.Overthelastfewthousandyears,farmershavebredBrassicaOleraceaintosixcultivarsthateventuallybecamemanyofthevegetablesweeat.杂货店常见的六种蔬菜,人们也经常吃这几种蔬菜,但实际上,这六种蔬菜都是一种蔬菜的变种。过去几千年中,农民培育出许多花椰菜的变种,并最终衍变成了我们今天吃的许多蔬菜。Thisoneplantwasselectivelybredoverhundredsofyearstocreatedozensofwildlydifferentvegetables.Byselectingandbreedingplantswithbiggerleaves,orlargerbuds,thedifferentcultivars(alsoknownassubspecies)werecreated.几百年间,人们有选择的对这种植物进行培育,并成功培育出几十种不同的野生蔬菜。通过选择和培育那些叶子较大、芽较健壮的品种,人们创造出许多该植物的变种(也称之为亚种)。Kale,collardgreens,andChinesebroccoliwerecreatedbymakingtheleavesoftheancestorplantsleavesbigger,andwerethefirstbrassicadomesticated,sometimebeforeBCE.CollardgreensweredevelopedinEurope,whileChinesebroccoliwasdomesticatedinChina.通过使得前人培育植物的叶子更大,我们培育出了羽衣甘蓝和芥蓝;公元前年左右,人们培育出了第一批芸苔。羽衣甘蓝是欧洲人培育出来的,而荠蓝是中国人培育出来的。Red,greenandsavoycabbageswerecreatedfromakalecultivar(likelytheEuropeancollardgreens)inthesbyselectingforalargeterminalbud—thegrowingendatthetopoftheplant.Theleavesaretightlywoundaroundashort,widestem(thecabbagescore).13世纪左右,通过对羽衣甘蓝变种的芽进行选择性培育,人们培育出了红球甘蓝、卷心菜和萨沃伊白菜。他们的叶子紧紧地缠在那又短又宽的茎上(白菜心)。Brusselssproutsareliketinycabbages,excepttheygrowfromthebudsalongtheplant’sstem.Theyfirsthitthesceneinthesaswell.球芽甘蓝很像微型的大白菜,但是球芽甘蓝的果实沿着茎生长。球芽甘蓝也是在13世纪左右首次出现的。Kohlrabiwascreatedbyselectingforathickerstalkinakaleplantaroundthes.
通过对茎体较粗的羽衣甘蓝进行选择培育,人们又在15世纪左右培育出了大头菜。
Broccoliwascreatedfromakalepredecessorinthesbyselectingforthelargerflowerclusters,whicharethenharvestedbeforetheybloom.Cauliflowerwasdevelopedfromoneofhundredsofbroccolivarieties.通过对花体较大的羽衣甘蓝进行选择性培育,人们又在16世纪左右培育出了西兰花;这种植物开花前就可以进行收割了。而花菜又是从上百种西兰花变种中培育出来的。
TheamazingevolutionofBrassicaOleraceajustgoestoshow:Humanshavebeentinkeringwiththegeneticsofourfoodformuchlongerthanwevebeencreatingwhatarenowknownasgeneticallymodifiedfoods,orGMOs.Thesenewlabtechniquesjustletusdoitinamorepreciseanddirectedway.花椰菜的衍变历史让人惊讶,从中不难发现,人类改善食物基因所用的时间要长于创造转基因食物的时间。这些新技术让我们能够更加精确直接的培育植物。预览时标签不可点收录于话题#个上一篇下一篇
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